Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present First Edition Chapter 1 Cultural Precedents Copyright © 2012 Pearson

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 1

Cultural Precedents

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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1

Cultural Precedents

Buildings, interiors & furniture depend on functional & local aesthetic conditions

Attitudes, influences, changes in behavior, social structure, environment, climate, materials, construction, technology, religion

Materials define image & character

Various forms are precursors or precedents for later ones

Interiors follow architecture form

Emphasis upon function over display

Furniture rare or nonexistent

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Concepts

Nature: form-giver & inspiration

Survival more important than aesthetics, early

Art more than decoration

Belief system, social order, cultural imperatives, sciences

Concepts of beauty

Images, words, symbols

Comfort, protection by gods

World governed by spirits

Daily life, tasks: spiritual connotation

Worship, honor, appease, please

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1.2

Motifs: Top row from left: plate with spiral, North American Indian basket with spiral/wave and swastika; Bottom row from left: pictograph, lizard bowl with animals and basket weave from Turkey.

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1.1

Hall of Bulls, Paleolithic cave painting, 15,000-10,000 b.c.e.; Lascaux, near Sarlat, France.

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Architecture

Available materials, expedient construction methods

Form: construction method, materials

Permanent, impermanent materials

Small, human proportions

Some house many families

Environmental & building considerations

Natural shelters: wind breaks, caves

People, location, climate, culture, economy

Buildings grouped, face outward or inward

Simplicity, informality, irregularity, comfort

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1.3

Stonehenge, c. 2600-1400 b.c.e., Wiltshire, England.

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*1.4

Teepees on the Columbia, c. 1922.

*Substitute image.

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1.6

Machu Picchu, 15th and 16th centuries C.E., Peru.

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1.7

Temple at Teotihuacan, 1000 b.c.e. – 1525 c.e.; Central Mexico.

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1.8

Nunnery, Uxmal, 250-900 c.e.; Yucatan, Mexico

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1.9

Native American pueblo houses, c. 1200 c.e.; Taos, New Mexico.

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Interiors

First, single multi-functional spaces

Separate areas for specific uses

Public areas separate from private ones

Organization reflects social order

Evolves into basic footprint of house, castle, palace

Interior simple, basic

Nearly all activities in single space

Room types, designations unique to cultures

Daily used items have spiritual symbols

Protection & power

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1.11

Interior of Middle Eastern Bedouin tent; Turkey.

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1.12

Kyrgyz yurta of reed stems wrapped in colored wool with felt rugs on the floor, c. 1995; Kyrgyzstan; Mekenbeck Osmonaliyev.

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1.13

Textiles: Top row from left: mud cloth and molas, Panama; Bottom row from left: kente cloth, Africa; and Inca weaving, Peru.

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Furnishings and Decorative Arts

Simple, limited in number

Utilitarian objects

Subtle, sophisticated forms

Simplicity

Emphasis on portability, function, economy of material

Specialized furniture responds to needs & increase in belongings

Variations of two forms

Platform: table, stool, chair, bed

Box: chest, cupboard, wardrobe

Crafts specialization more common as time passes

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1.14

Stool, c. 1900 c.e.; Africa.

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1.15

Decorative Arts: Top: Chalcolithic pottery, Turkey; Acoma pottery, New Mexico; and Bottom: Coloma pottery, Mexico.

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Copyright

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.

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