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PRIVACY AND SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
IN PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS
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INTRODUCTION
❑Public health informatics leverages technology to improve health outcomes.
❑Data collection and analysis are essential for disease surveillance and management.
❑Privacy and security breaches can compromise sensitive health data.
❑Growing concerns about cyber threats in public health systems.
❑This presentation explores key privacy and security considerations.

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WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS?
❑The application of technology to public health data collection and analysis.
❑Supports disease surveillance, outbreak tracking, and population health studies.
❑Enhances decision-making through predictive analytics and AI.
❑Integrates multiple health data sources for better public health interventions (Yogesh &
Karthikeyan, 2022).
❑Ensures real-time monitoring and response to health threats.

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THE ROLE OF DATA IN PUBLIC HEALTH
❑Data is essential for disease tracking and outbreak response.
❑Helps in policy-making and resource allocation.
❑Supports research on disease prevention and treatment.
❑Enables early warning systems for epidemics and pandemics (Velmovitsky et al., 2021).
❑Requires strict regulations to protect patient privacy.

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PRIVACY VS. SECURITY: WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
❑Privacy focuses on protecting personal health information from unauthorized use.
❑Security involves safeguarding data from breaches and cyberattacks.
❑Privacy ensures patient consent and ethical data handling.
❑Security measures include encryption, access controls, and authentication.
❑Both are essential for maintaining trust in public health informatics.

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KEY PRIVACY CONCERNS
❑Unauthorized access to personal health records.
❑Lack of informed consent for data sharing.
❑Ethical concerns over secondary data use.
❑Risk of re-identification in anonymized datasets.
❑Cross-border data sharing and jurisdictional issues.

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MAJOR SECURITY THREATS
❑Cyberattacks targeting public health
databases.
❑Ransomware attacks on hospitals and research
institutions.

❑Insider threats from employees with access to
sensitive data (Alouffi et al., 2021)
❑Phishing scams targeting healthcare
professionals.

❑Insecure third-party software and cloud
storage vulnerabilities.
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LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND REGULATIONS
❑HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) – U.S.
law protecting patient data.
❑GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) – European law
regulating data privacy.

❑HITECH Act – Enhances HIPAA enforcement with stricter security
requirements.
❑WHO Guidelines on Digital Health – Global recommendations for
ethical data use.

❑Local and National Public Health Laws – Vary by country and
region.
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CASE STUDY: A PUBLIC HEALTH DATA BREACH
❑Anthem Inc. (2015) breach: 78.8 million records exposed (Kolevski et al., 2021).
❑Cause: Phishing attack on employee credentials.
❑Data Compromised: Names, Social Security numbers, medical IDs.
❑Impact: Legal settlements, loss of trust, increased security investments.
❑Lesson: Need for strong cybersecurity policies and staff training.

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BEST PRACTICES FOR PRIVACY PROTECTION
❑Data minimization: Collect only necessary data.
❑Informed consent: Ensure patients understand how their data is used.
❑Anonymization: Remove identifiable information when possible.
❑Access controls: Limit data access to authorized personnel.
❑Regular audits: Conduct privacy risk assessments.

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SECURITY STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS

❑Encryption: Protects data during storage and
transmission.
❑Multi-factor authentication (MFA): Adds layers of
security.
❑Regular software updates: Fixes vulnerabilities in
health IT systems.
❑Cybersecurity training: Educates staff on threats like
phishing.
❑Incident response plan: Ensures quick action during
breaches.
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BALANCING DATA SHARING AND PRIVACY
❑Public health benefits: Data sharing improves disease surveillance.
❑Ethical concerns: Potential misuse of personal health information.
❑De-identification techniques: Reduce risks while enabling research.
❑Data-sharing agreements: Ensure compliance with privacy laws.
❑Transparency with the public: Builds trust in health initiatives.

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THE ROLE OF AI AND BLOCKCHAIN IN SECURITY
❑AI-driven threat detection: Identifies cyber risks in
real-time.
❑Automated compliance monitoring: Ensures
adherence to privacy laws.

❑Blockchain for data integrity: Secures health records
with encryption (Khanh & Khang, 2021).
❑Smart contracts: Automate data-sharing agreements
securely.

❑AI-powered anonymization: Enhances data privacy in
research.
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FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
❑Increased use of cloud-based health informatics.
❑Growing cyber threats with more connected devices (IoT).
❑Stronger data protection regulations worldwide.
❑AI-driven analytics improving outbreak prediction.
❑Ethical dilemmas in balancing privacy and innovation.

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CONCLUSION
❑Privacy and security are essential for trust in public health informatics.
❑Cyber threats are evolving, requiring proactive defenses.
❑Compliance with privacy laws is non-negotiable.
❑New technologies offer solutions but introduce ethical concerns.
❑Healthcare professionals must prioritize data protection.

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REFERENCES
❑ Alouffi, B., Hasnain, M., Alharbi, A., Alosaimi, W., Alyami, H., & Ayaz, M. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on
Cloud Computing Security: Threats and Mitigation Strategies. IEEE Access, 9(1), 1–1.

❑ Khanh, H. H., & Khang, A. (2021). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Blockchain Applications. Reinventing
Manufacturing and Business Processes through Artificial Intelligence, 19–38.

❑ Kolevski, D., Michael, K., Abbas, R., & Freeman, M. (2021). Cloud computing data breaches: A review of U.S.
regulation and data breach notification literature. 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society
(ISTAS).
❑ Velmovitsky, P. E., Bevilacqua, T., Alencar, P., Cowan, D., & Morita, P. P. (2021). Convergence of Precision Medicine
and Public Health Into Precision Public Health: Toward a Big Data Perspective. Frontiers in Public Health, 9.

❑ Yogesh, M. J., & Karthikeyan, J. (2022). Health Informatics: Engaging Modern Healthcare Units: A Brief Overview.
Frontiers in Public Health, 10.

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College of Health Sciences
Department of Health Informatics

GROUP PRESENTATION COVER SHEET
Telehealth and Telemedicine
HCI-315

Course name
Course number
CRN
Topic name

‫ر‬
‫الجامعة السعودية االلكتونية‬
‫ر‬
‫االلكتونية‬
‫الجامعة السعودية‬
Student names and ID

–

–

Submission date

26/12/2021
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Instructor name:
Grade:

…. Out of 10

Group
Presentation
Instructions:

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• Each group will consist of 4-5 members.
• Choose a topic related to telehealth and telemedicine field.
• Each group should present their topic using 10-12 power point slides for a
10 to 15 minutes
• All the students in the group need to upload the presentation in the
blackboard (individually) only in PPT format.
• The first slide should have Cover page filled by each member of the group.
• The Group Presentation will take place in the class from week 11 onwards
• The Group presentation will account for 10 marks of the Total coursework.
• Grade based on individual and collective performance
• Support your presentation by at least 3 references (APA style referencing
only).

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