Week Five Assignment[WLOs: 1, 4, 5] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4] “Confounding is the term used to describe distortion of the estimate of the effect of an exposure of

Week Five Assignment[WLOs: 1, 4, 5] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4]

“Confounding is the term used to describe distortion of the estimate of the effect of an exposure of interest because it is mixed with the effect of an extraneous factor. According to Susser, a confounding variable is “an independent variable that varies systematically with the hypothetical causal variable under study. When uncontrolled, the effects of a confounding variable cannot be distinguished from those of the study variable” (Friis & Sellers, 2014, pg. 445). 

In your Week Five assignment, please answer the following questions:

  • Define confounding and state how confounding can affect a study’s conclusion. What is meant by Simpson’s paradox and how does it pertain to confounding? How do epidemiologic researchers control for confounding?
  • Suppose as an epidemiologist you are responsible for measuring study participants’ blood pressure. Some dropped the instrument and the needle on the gauge has been bent so that the readings are too high. What type of error is this? What type of error would occur if the instrument is working properly but only one person took only measurement from each person? How could you minimize each of the foregoing types of error?

Consider the following scenario to answer questions c through h: The death rate per 100,000 for lung cancer is 7 among nonsmokers and 71 among smokers. The death rate per 100,000 for coronary thrombosis is 422 among nonsmokers and 599 among smokers. The prevalence of smoking in the population is 55% (If necessary, refer to the chapter 9 on cohort studies for formulas for relative risk (RR) Be sure to show the formulas for your work as well as your calculations. Present your final results and their interpretation in a table format.

  • What is the RR of dying of lung cancer for smokers versus nonsmokers?
  • What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
  • What is the etiologic fraction of disease due to smoking among individuals with lung cancer?
  • What is the etiologic fraction of disease due to smoking among individuals with coronary thrombosis?
  • What is the population etiologic fraction of lung cancer due to smoking?
  • What is the population etiologic fraction of coronary thrombosis due to smoking?
    • Determine whether or not the interpretation of the study results could be subject to bias.

The Week Five Assignment must

  • Be two to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA styleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the UAGC Writing CenterLinks to an external site.. The length of your response should be sufficient to answer each question fully.
  • Show calculations for solving problems using text, an equation editor, a clear photo, or scan of legible pen or pencil calculations either saved as an image and inserted into your assignment document or attached as a .pdf file. If doing the later, your .pdf image should be descriptively named using the following format: lastnamefirstinitialWeek5AssignmentQuestion.pdf. For example, Marge Innovera would save her file as innoveramWeek5AssignmentQuestionA.pdf
  • Must include a separate title pageLinks to an external site. with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted

Carefully review the Grading RubricLinks to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Share This Post

Email
WhatsApp
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Pinterest
Reddit

Order a Similar Paper and get 15% Discount on your First Order

Related Questions

As a financial health care manager, you must pursue leadership approval for the funding and support for the sustainability initiative plan. Creating this

As a financial health care manager, you must pursue leadership approval for the funding and support for the sustainability initiative plan. Creating this proposal demonstrates your ability to critically think through financial strategy development and presents your financial petition to leadership for resources needed for implementation. In this assessment, you

In this unit, you were introduced to the most common third-party insurance payers, including government payers such as Medicare, Medicaid, and TRICARE.

In this unit, you were introduced to the most common third-party insurance payers, including government payers such as Medicare, Medicaid, and TRICARE. Additionally, you reviewed the process for accurate claim processing and the various stages for claim status. This included the importance of adhering to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER It is estimated that more almost 7% of the U.S. population will experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER It is estimated that more almost 7% of the U.S. population will experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their lifetime (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017). This debilitating disorder often interferes with an individual’s ability to function in daily life. Common symptoms of anxiousness and depression frequently

Use the context of the organization from your interview to develop a viable plan for an interdisciplinary team to address the issue you identified

Use the context of the organization from your interview to develop a viable plan for an interdisciplinary team to address the issue you identified (ATTACHED INTERVIEW). Define a specific organizational or patient outcome based on the information gathered in your interview.  Using the Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Template [DOCX] (ATTACHED) will help you

Instructions In this assignment, learners will select a recent research study that explores an issue relevant to anti-oppressive social work practice.

Instructions In this assignment, learners will select a recent research study that explores an issue relevant to anti-oppressive social work practice. Learners will critically analyze the research findings and apply them to inform practice, policy, or programs. The assignment should include the sections identified below. Summarize Research Study Summarize a